historic territorial entity

Papal States

constituent entities

Duchy of Ferrara

self-designation

Stato della Chiesa [Italian]

Status Ecclesiasticus [Latin]

existence

754-1870

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, southeast elevation

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, southeast elevation Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, facade detail and clock tower

Archiginnasio Palace, facade detail and clock tower Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Archiepiscopal Palace, northeast elevation

Archiepiscopal Palace, northeast elevation Perugia, Umbria, Italy

Archiginnasio Palace, second floor gallery with coat of arms paintings and reliefs

Archiginnasio Palace, second floor gallery with coat of arms paintings and reliefs Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Archiginnasio Palace, first floor arcades

Archiginnasio Palace, first floor arcades Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Rocca Paolina, Porta Marzia

Rocca Paolina, Porta Marzia Perugia, Umbria, Italy

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Round Hall, cupola

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Round Hall, cupola Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, staircase with coat of arms fresco

Archiginnasio Palace, staircase with coat of arms fresco Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Momo Spiral Staircase

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Momo Spiral Staircase Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, Anatomical Theater

Archiginnasio Palace, Anatomical Theater Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Hall of the Chariot

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Hall of the Chariot Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, first floor arcade

Archiginnasio Palace, first floor arcade Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Rocca Paolina, Porta Marzia

Rocca Paolina, Porta Marzia Perugia, Umbria, Italy

Archiginnasio Palace, coat of arms fresco of the staircase

Archiginnasio Palace, coat of arms fresco of the staircase Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Archiginnasio Palace, vault with coat of arms fresco

Archiginnasio Palace, vault with coat of arms fresco Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Archiepiscopal Palace, portal

Archiepiscopal Palace, portal Perugia, Umbria, Italy

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Round Hall

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Round Hall Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Ethnological Museum Anima Mundi

Vatican Museums, Ethnological Museum Anima Mundi Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Momo Spiral Staircase

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Momo Spiral Staircase Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, detail of the central avant-corps

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, detail of the central avant-corps Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, coat of arms reliefs of the first floor arcade

Archiginnasio Palace, coat of arms reliefs of the first floor arcade Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Archiginnasio Palace, second floor gallery coat of arms relief

Archiginnasio Palace, second floor gallery coat of arms relief Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Rocca Paolina, corridor to the Porta Marzia

Rocca Paolina, corridor to the Porta Marzia Perugia, Umbria, Italy

Vatican Museums, Belvedere Courtyard, southeast elevation

Vatican Museums, Belvedere Courtyard, southeast elevation Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Greek Cross Gallery, Mosaic of Athena

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Greek Cross Gallery, Mosaic of Athena Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, central avant-corps

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, central avant-corps Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, sgraffito painting

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, sgraffito painting Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, vault with coat of arms fresco and memorial plate

Archiginnasio Palace, vault with coat of arms fresco and memorial plate Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Rocca Paolina, southeastern bastion

Rocca Paolina, southeastern bastion Perugia, Umbria, Italy

Vatican Museums, Ethnological Museum Anima Mundi

Vatican Museums, Ethnological Museum Anima Mundi Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, corridor

Vatican Museums, corridor Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, detail lateral avant-corps

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, detail lateral avant-corps Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, first floor arcade with door and coat of arms reliefs

Archiginnasio Palace, first floor arcade with door and coat of arms reliefs Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Archiepiscopal Palace, northern wall

Archiepiscopal Palace, northern wall Perugia, Umbria, Italy

Vatican Museums, Collection of Modern Religious Art

Vatican Museums, Collection of Modern Religious Art Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Belvedere Courtyard, south elevation

Vatican Museums, Belvedere Courtyard, south elevation Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, south elevation

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, south elevation Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, inner courtyard

Archiginnasio Palace, inner courtyard Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, facade detail with niche

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, facade detail with niche Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, second floor gallery with coat of arms paintings and reliefs

Archiginnasio Palace, second floor gallery with coat of arms paintings and reliefs Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Rocca Paolina, corridor of the interior

Rocca Paolina, corridor of the interior Perugia, Umbria, Italy

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Atrium of the Four Gates

Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Atrium of the Four Gates Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Ethnological Museum Anima Mundi

Vatican Museums, Ethnological Museum Anima Mundi Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, central avant-corps

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, central avant-corps Vatican City, Holy See

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, facade detail with sgraffito painting

Vatican Museums, Vatican Pinacotheca, facade detail with sgraffito painting Vatican City, Holy See

Archiginnasio Palace, coat of arms reliefs of the first floor arcades

Archiginnasio Palace, coat of arms reliefs of the first floor arcades Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Minerva Obelisk, southeast elevation

Minerva Obelisk, southeast elevation Rome, Lazio, Italy